Expressed in the simplest of terms, it should be some kind of force which would oppose gravitation, annul it and make possible the levitation of bodies.
For physicists, antigravitation is a nonsense, since no such mass exists which could repel another mass, prevent the spread of gravitation or, like Verne's Cavorite, isolate a body from its influence. According to understanding available to date, this cannot be achieved – either by way of anti-matter or by some field.
For SF writers antigravitation and levitation are very desirable, but also so fantastic that their achievement and use by man are regarded as impossible, that even authors of this field are not too keen to write about those things, and they rarely do so.
For various “inventors” antigravitation is, just as it is for constructors of a perpetuamobile, a possibility of achieving fame by constructing some kind of anti-gravitational flying craft.
A large number of people, scientists included, believe that levitation can be achieved only through meditation. They are of the opinion that only the spirit can be so powerful to make a body levitate. This was supposedly confirmed by the levitation of Father Giuseppe from Copertino in the 15th century, of St. Teresa of Ávila, of Sri Aurobind and numerous other yogis. There are many people today who are doing their best to achieve levitation in some such manner – either by meditation or through will power – in the belief they would thus attain a kind of divine state and a divine level of existence. One can often see yogis and their disciples on TV hopping around in a sitting position and declaring that to be levitation.
However, if we - without prejudices and illusions - think about such meditative levitation, and what would be achieved by it, we would see the following:
If one's spirit would become capable of raising and lifting a physical weight, or rather the body in which it resides, but also various other objects, it is therefore hardly likely that the human spirit, even if it were to achieve that kind of levitation, would be content with its new task, and indeed regard it as a divine achievement, because this is a task that once, long time ago, was performed by slaves, horses and donkeys, and today by cranes, trucks, trains, etc.. So much for meditative levitation.
A fundamental and very often painfully confirmed human experience is that physical bodies are heavy and that they tend to fall. The experience of weight and falling has been confirmed so many times that it is inadvertently identified with the sense and internal logic of things themselves. The falling of material objects is simply something that is understandable, logical, “normal”.
It is on that premise that one very interesting, unconscious or, at best, semi-conscious “conclusion”, or to be more precise, a fantastic nimbleness of thought has been achieved:
If falling is something logical and understandable // meaningful, then something which is meaningless is not going to fall.
This nimbleness of thought became a “theoretical”, or rather psychological, basis for a large number of “antigravitational devices” to be found on the Internet. There are thousands of them. The characteristic common to those devices is that the internal movement of their parts and forces they have at their disposal are arranged totally ineffectually, non-functionally, or in complete disregard of the laws of physics, indeed of absurd relations.
“Explanations” of those devices also are based on a subconscious assumption, whereby that which has no any links to science and laws of nature is, by its very nature, absolutely superior to science and the products of its application.
Levitation – paradox of all paradoxes!
I have already stated that it is a generally accepted opinion whereby everything corporeal is also heavy, and that it inevitably falls – a rule which, by some inner logic of things themselves, applies to the entire material universe.
Let us see if that is indeed so.
Astronauts and their space ships, for instance, levitate in relation to the Earth. The Moon also levitates in relation to the Earth. The Earth levitates in relation to the Sun. The Sun levitates in relation to other stars and the centre of the galaxy. Atoms levitate in relation to one another, electrons levitate in relation to atomic nucleii, nucleons are levitating in relation to one another, and so it goes on, ad infinitum.
The entire universe levitates within itself.
The state of levitation, and not of weight and falling, should be our true experience founded on science. Our actual (ordinary and erroneous) experience – one of weight and falling – has been acquired within a very narrow belt of the Universe where, through a chance combination of specific circumstances, things are heavy, and they do fall. This, our, essenitally incomplete experience, we have generalized and applied to the entire Universe. And that was the fatal mistake, since the Universe is actually weightless; indeed, if it were not levitating within itself it could not survive // maintenance itself.
And so, people have for centuries been unsuccessfully searching for at least one reliable, unquestionable case of levitation, failing to notice that it is going on all around them all the time!!!???
Now, is that not a paradox of all paradoxes?
However, this all-pervading levitation is not based on anti-gravitation but on gravifugal force. Gravifugal force is a reaction to the effect of the gravipetal force, and gravipetal force is in fact gravitation acting as a centripetal force. According to the law of action and reaction, gravifugal force acts in a direction opposite to that of gravipetal force, i.e. of gravitation – and consequently, it annuls it.
The entire Universe describes some kind of orbiting motion, and its levitation is based on the balance of gravifugal and gravipetal forces. If gravipetal force were to become dominant, the Universe would cave in upon itself, while the dominance of the gravifugal force would result in its break-up and dispersal – like a discus revolving too fast.
Theoretical foundation for a gravifugal flying craft
The velocity of Earth's rotation at the equator is 464 m/sec. This develops a gravifugal acceleration of 0.034 m/sec.2, and consequently objects lose 0.34 % of their weight. At the geographic latitude of 45o, where Earth's velocity is 338 m/sec., gravifugal force is also smaller, and therefore objects lose 0.17% of their weight. At latitude of 70o, where Earth's velocity is still smaller, objects lose only 0.035% of their weight. At the poles the linear velocity of the Earth is zero, and consequently, the gravifugal force also equals zero. There, objects do not lose any of their weight. I have mentioned the above values only because they have been confirmed through numerous measurements and can be found in a text books of Geophysics. There, the fact of crucial importance is that objects also lose weight when outside the rotational plane, which means that gravifugal force also acts outside the rotational plane – but not in a form of derivative of geocentrifugal force. Search for Hideo Hayasaka experiments.
This fact is important because it demonstrates that it is indeed possible to build a gravifugal flying craft.
In order to clarify this problem it can be assumed that each parallel on Earth is in fact a solid ring whose velocity we can alter. With a change in velocity, v, the value of gravifugal force, Fgf = mv2/R, will also change. But let us assume just that at the North Pole we have only one massive, strong ring 10 m in radius, whose rotational axis was, e.g., coaxial with Earth’s axis. If we were to accelerate that ring to a velocity of 7.9 km/sec. it would lose its entire weight, and it would levitate. However, such a ring would not levitate only at the poles, but anywhere on Earth – providing it was rotating at a velocity of 7.9 km/sec. And if we could give it higher velocity, it could carry a casing and some load. Theoretical and experimental proof for this can be found on the Internet page:
That would therefore be a solution for some future “anti-gravitational”, i.e. gravifugal, flying craft, because levitation of gravifugal flying craft is based on a large and fast rotating ring.
Up until now it has not been possible to build such a craft for these two reasons:
1. due to the misconception that gravifugal force produced by Earths rotation is only a derivative of geocentrifugal force, the value of which should always (regardless of velocity) be equal to zero, just like in a case of rotation of solid body and
2. because until the discovery of nano-tubes no such material existed which would withstand the high rotational velocities necessary to make elevation and levitation possible.
Readers who are familiar with the way the Law of conservation of energy functions will understand that a gravifugal flying craft would be performing no physical activity (work) if it were levitating at a constant altitude of, for instance, 2, 3, or 4 km, or any other. And if it were not performing any physical activity (similar to a geo-stationary satellite), it would not be consuming energy. A well-built craft with rings which would also be powerful permanent magnets, enclosed within an evacuated casing, would therefore levitate at a certain height for thousands of years without consuming any, or almost any, energy. Such a craft would be suitable for living, and many of them together for the formation of a levitating town or island. I do believe that the entire civilization of the future will levitate in Earth's atmosphere and in the universe surrounding it, and that is going to be a mature form of material civilization of mankind.
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